Video about Cost-Benefit Analysis and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Cost-Benefit Analysis and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

But, what are Cost-Benefit Analysis and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis?
CBA and CEA, both it refer to or is commonly done for financial (cost and benefits). CBA is converted into monetary (money) unit; on the contrary CEA is converted into non-monetary (no money) unit. You can use those to make a comparison related with cost and benefits. Although a cost benefit analysis can be used for almost anything, it is most commonly done on financial things.



Also Cost-Benefits are program outcomes expressed mainly as money. CBA help to appraise, or assess, or maybe in the case for a project, programme or policy proposal; Cost–benefit analysis is often used by individual’s and social perspective; but also by governments to evaluate the desirability of a given intervention. It is heavily used in today's government.

There are some basic set of key cost-benefit indicators, for example:
* NPV (net present value)
* PVB (present value of benefits)
* PVC (present value of costs)
* BCR (benefit cost ratio = PVB / PVC)

CBA help you to plan in very ensure way the cost and benefits, if you want to invest in something, or if you want to do something with which you are unsure about it, because you think it is not going to work. With this you can plan and see if you should do it. And also if you have a business you can use it to see what your costs are and what are the benefits of your business has given you.



And the main differences between CBA and CEA are:
Cost-benefit analysis
* Both costs and benefits are evaluated in monetary (dollar) and compared.



Cost-effectiveness analysis
* The costs of alternative means of achieving some benefit are compared.
* The benefits itself is not evaluated in dollars.

Last Session

Topics in the exam:

What is evaluation?Evaluation is about using monitoring and other information you collect to make judgements about your project. It is also about using the information to make changes and improvements.


CBA and CEA
In CBA the benefits are transformed into monetary terms and compared to program costs.
In CEA benefits are transformed into non-monetary unit, such as lives saved, people attended, and are compared with program costs in dollars.


Program Evaluation?
Program evaluation is carefully collecting information about a program or some aspect of a program in order to make necessary decisions about the program


Types of evaluation:
Goals-Based Evaluation
Process-Based Evaluations
Outcomes-Based Evaluation

How to write a Plan Program Evaluation

STEPS FO WRITE A PLAN PROGRAM EVALUATION(According to this module)

1.Decide which type of evaluation you will conduct
2.Depending which type of evaluation you decide to do, identify the steps to be followed
3.Write the plan to evaluate de program or project
4.Description of the program to be evaluated
5.General and specific objectives of the plan
6.Methodology (collect, process data)
7.Categories and Indicators to be evaluated
8.Chronogram or Time Chart
9.Estimated Budget






TYPES OF EVALUATION

Goal-based evaluation: evaluating the extent to which programs are meeting predetermined goals or objectives.


Process-based evaluation: are geared to fully understanding how a program works -- how does it produce that results that it does.



Outcomes-based evaluation: facilitates your asking if your organization is really doing the right program activities to bring about the outcomes you believe to be needed by your clients.

Example of interview

Interview

We do not have one best way to prepare for an interview but there are specific and important strategies to achieve one's chances for interview success. Every interview is a learning experience, so learning that takes place during the preparation and actual interview process is useful for future interviews.

First all the Initial preparation requires recent assessment of skills, interests, values, and accomplishments; we have to know or make a research on the targeted company/organization and position. Preparation also includes actual practice of typical and targeted interview questions. Final preparation includes details of dress and appearance, knowledge of the location of the interview what to expect in the company.

Also we have to know that exist different types of interview such as informal the interviewee ask question in order to remain as open as possible the second and most common is general interview guide approach means that ensure the same general areas of information are collected from each interviewee, this is more focus than the conversational approach. At the same time during the interview there many topics in the conversation that we need to get the information like this behaviors, opinions, values, feelings and knowledge.

Video about Program Evaluation

Program Evaluation

What is program evaluation?

Program evaluation is related to the collection of analyzing and using of information about activities, characteristics of programs; this allows to informed any doubts or judgments about program improvement and decision about future programming; these help to make a very good program evaluation. There are three primary purposes of evaluation; first are program planning, second program development, and third program accountability; this helps or is as a guide to develop or make a better a program evaluation.

Program evaluation is used in the public and private sector and is taught in numerous universities.

Program evaluations also can involve quantitative methods, methods of social research or qualitative methods or both. People who do program evaluation come from many different backgrounds: sociology, psychology, economics, and social work. Some schools have specific training programs to do program evaluation.

What we can evaluate?

There are many things that we can evaluate, for example, an advertisement, an exam, an activity, a presentations, the policy, the government, the economic and social position, a company, to teachers, and so on.

If you want to know if your product (or anything you are interested in knowing), is accepted, or if it’s selling, is a very good idea to use or to make it through survey, observation, interview, statistical and inferential analysis, and others.

But, what are the evaluation’s key processes?

There are seven key processes and conclusions:

v Gathering

v Organizing

v Processing

v Analyzing

v Synthesizing

v Interpreting

v Drawing

Program evaluation is helpful because you can understand or increase the impacts that product or services have on customer; also improve delivery mechanism to be more efficient and accessible and less costly. Facilitate management’s really thinking about what the program is all about; verify results that can be used for public and private relations and so on. Evaluation is very important to do because can identify program strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities in order to do a better job.

Some evaluation strategies are as follow:

v Scientific-experimental models

v Management-oriented systems models.

v Qualitative/anthropological models. This evaluation strategy is about the importance of observation, the need to retain the phenomenological quality of the evaluation context, and the value of subjective human interpretation in the evaluation process.

v Participant-oriented models. This is mainly related to the evaluation participants or is related to the central importance of the evaluation participants, especially clients and users of the program or technology.

Also there are many types of Program Evaluation. Within these are:

v Goals-based evaluation: this type includes eight questions to ask yourself when designing an evaluation.

v Process-based evaluations: this is about the process by which you understand how a program works, what are the procedures and so on. Here include twelve questions to ask yourself when design and understand the process in accomplish program evaluation.

v Outcomes-based evaluation: is mainly about, or is focusing

the importance for nonprofits.

In this type of program evaluation there are seven steps that we must accomplish to do an outcome-based evaluation.

A very important thing to do when design an evaluation program is to consider yourself some of the following questions:

« For what purposes is the evaluation being done?

« Who are the audiences?

« What kinds of information are needed?

« From what sources should the information be collected?

« How can that information be collected?

« When is the information needed?

« What resources are available?

All this information above is very important to take it into account, because it will help to design better and understandable assessment program. So keep all this information to develop your program evaluation; remember that you can make a program evaluation of anything and in any area.